Automobile industry

Executive Summary The following report focuses on the automobile industry analysis. This industry is viewed by many analysts as inherently interesting owing to its massive and competitive nature. Due to changes in the global trends and oil reserves, the automobile industry should be re-structured.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Automobile industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Method of Analysis of the Automobile Industry This can be done by focusing on the historical description of the industry. In this report, Porter’s Five Forces Model has been used in the analysis to help in deeper understanding of the automobile industry. In this discussion, three market leaders have been chosen for the analysis. These top three companies are General Motors, Toyota and Ford (History of the Automobile, 2005). Industry Overview The industrial growth and expansion of the automobile are majorly influenced by vehicle components, fuel innovation, market changes, societal infrastructure, business structures, suppliers, and manufacturing practices. For instance, the recent consumer empowerment and increasing sophistication trends have prompted the automobile makers and dealers to search for new markets, which are specialized, among the ones that are already saturated with customer diversity bases. A good example of such a market is that of the United States. Therefore, it is important to venture in the newly emerging markets, especially in the Latin America and South East Asia (History of the Automobile, 2005). This will promote the automobile dealers to establish production facilities in the overseas. Such establishments will in turn lead to business strategic partnerships and global alliances with foreign automobile dealers. Using Porter’s Five Forces Model to analyze the Automobile industry Michael Porter came up with five major forces, which influence the industrial performance. The forc es identified are barriers to entry, supplier power, degree of rivalry, buyer power and threats of substitutes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering other industries that operate under the free market and capitalistic economy, analyzing the automobile industry through the use of Porter’s Five Forces is very important to understand the market dynamics (Freyssenet Shimizu, 2003). However, in this discussion, the main focus is on the analysis of the barriers to entry that exist in the automobile industry. Barriers to Entry The automobile industry has high entry barriers that only allow fewer firms to enter in the market. In fact, there are small numbers of firms that dominate the automobile industry since there are several barriers to entry. In such business environments, there are high economic rents, which make the automobile industry attractive to many invest ors, both the local and foreign. However, firms such as the restaurants have few entry barriers due to low economic rents, which make them less attractive to the potential investors. The analysis presents some entry barriers that exist in the automobile industry (Freyssenet Shimizu, 2003). Working Capital Requirement Every newly established company faces the threat of start up capital. It is such substantial barriers that are evidenced in the automobile industry. The working capital that is required so that a new company can set up a manufacturing capacity, which helps in achieving the intended level of production is prohibited. Therefore, it is not easy to attain the minimum efficient scale of production. The limitation can be attributed to the nature of the automobile industry that has a very specialized manufacturing facility. In case the automobile manufacturing facility fails, it is not easy to re-tool it. It is only possible for the new companies to enter the automobile indus try through mergers, acquisition and strategic partnership arrangements (Hiroaka, 2001). The start up capital is tied for the daily operation of the business, and this money is not invested elsewhere. Therefore, it is difficult for the small and up-coming companies to get enough money to finance their daily operation. This can force them to rely on borrowings from various financial institutions that offer loans at high interest rates.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Automobile industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economies of Scale The economies of scale that exist in the automobile industry create a high barrier to entry. Firms that operate in the automobile industry must meet the required scale size. Though, the firms can achieve the economies of scale, they do not enjoy the associated learning curve benefits in the short run. It is a difficult task for the firms to prove the existence and probably the n on-existence of the economies of scale, which is not tangible in nature (Freyssenet, M. Shimizu, 2003). Brand Identity It is a big challenge to the small firms in the automobile industries since their brand identity is still very low. For instance, the automobile buyers often make buying decision based on the company’s brand identity. This presents a major entry barrier in the industry (Freyssenet Shimizu, 2003). In such cases, the small companies tend to incur a lot of expenses against the sales revenue. Such a downward trend on the revenue earning discourages other small firms from entering the market. Absolute Cost Advantages Legal constraints such patents and copyrights in the automobile industry present a very high barrier to entry, and these are created by the legislation of the government. These government documents create monopoly in the industry, thus barring the new entrants. References Freyssenet, M. Shimizu, K. (2003).Globalization or Regionalization of the Eur opean Car Industry? New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Hiroaka, L. S (2001). Global Alliances in the Motor Vehicle Industry. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. History of the Automobile (2005). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-car-assembly-line-4072559Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This report on Automobile industry was written and submitted by user JackPower to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Blue Whale essays

Blue Whale essays Balaenoptera Musculus, or the blue whale, is the largest mammal in the world. This enormous mammal can grow to be 110 feet long and weigh as much as 190 tons. That's longer than two city buses and the total weight of 30 elephants. This giant is powered by a heart the size of a taxi-cab. The blue whale's of the Antarctic grow larger than those of the Northern Hemisphere. Also, the females tend to be slightly larger than the males of the same age. These mammals are bluish-gray in color, with some paler spots. Algae tends to accumulate on their bellies causing a yellowish or mustard color. It has a mottled appearance with a broad, flattened U-shaped head. Fifty to ninety throat grooves run from the mouth to the belly. Instead of teeth, blue whales have 270 to 400 black baleen plates on each side of their mouths. These plates are about forty inches long and twenty-two inches wide. The blue whale has a tiny, stubby dorsal fin set far back on its body. It has a 20 foot wide, s lightly notched, triangular flukes, which is propelled by an extremely thick tail stock. The flippers on this creature are long and slender, and are about one-seventh of the whale's body length. The blue whale's most prominent feature is its exceptionally fleshy splashgaurd, which surrounds the blowholes at the front and sides. This whale spouts a single slender jet that soars forty to fifty feet high. The blue whale has very poor eyesight, no sense of smell, and has no sense of taste. However, the blue whale does have well-developed senses of touch and hearing. This large mammal has a life span of about eighty years. At this time there is not too much known about the blue whale's behavior. Blowing and diving patterns vary according to the whale's activity. The blue whale blows every ten to twenty seconds for a total of two to six minutes, when relaxed, and then dives. They usually stay submerged for five to twenty minutes, but can stay und...

Public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Public health - Essay Example It is important for the public to continuously be sensitized on the impact that some of the common lifestyle choices such as physical activity, smoking, nutrition and diet can have on their health resulting in a higher risk of developing medical conditions such as cancer and obesity (Sattar and Lean, 2007). This paper will present a report analysis on the prevalence and impact Smoking, Obesity, Cancer and Physical activity across the United Kingdom. The immense benefits of a physically active lifestyle have been relatively well document and there currently exists a large amount of evidence that suggests that regular activity is closely related to significantly reduced risk of an individual developing a number of chronic conditions. Physical activity has repeatedly been shown to contribute to a wide range of health benefits and engaging in regular physical activity can have the effect of improving the health outcomes of an individual regardless of whether the individual is able to achieve weight loss (Dugdill, Crone and Murphy, 2009). According to statistics released by the UK Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC, 2014), a study conducted in the UK in 2012 found that an estimated 55% of women and 67% of men aged 16 years and over were able to meet the prescribed recommendations of aerobic activity while 26% of women and 19% of men were classified as being largely inactive. These figures are seen to be similar to those presented by in a 2013 press release by the UK Public Health Minister Anna Soubry. In the press release, pointed out that a quarter of the population are not doing even 30 min of physical activity a week and as such, these individuals are putting their health at risk (Department of Health, 2013). The survey by the HSCIC (2014) also showed that for both sexes the actual proportion of individuals that are able to meet the aerobic activity guidelines tends to generally decrease with age. The

NETWORK ASSIGNMENT ABOUT 802.1D Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

NETWORK ABOUT 802.1D - Assignment Example The bridged MAC functions beneath the service boundary of the MAC, as it is visible to operational protocols after the boundary i.e. logical link control that is considered to be a partial layer or network layer (2). The existence of more than one MAC bridges will make a difference in Quality of Service (QoS) that is provisioned by the sub layer of MAC, as these configurations for operation of the MAC Bridge are not fully visible (4). Likewise, a local area network that is set to a bridged mode will provide (3): The end users or the end systems receiving MAC service are connected to a bridged local area network that is in a connection less mode (5). The MAC service is mentioned in the ISO 15802-1 standard, as it is considered to be an abstraction for the number of services and functionalities for a number of precise MAC services. Likewise, it labels the exchange of users from source to destination from MA-UNITDATA requests and at the same time corresponds with MA-UNITDATA for indicating primitives that are assigned from the MAC wireless access points. Every request pertaining to MA-UNITDATA and indicating primitives incorporates four parameters i.e. source address, destination address, Priority and MAC service data unit (MSDU). For enhancing the MAC service availability for the end users along with the management of network support, MAC bridges need the following configuration (5): A bridge is not accessible directly from communicating end users excluding end station that is utilized for management, as frames that are exchanged to the end users are tagged with the MAC address associated with peers along with address field of the destination, as MAC address of the bridge is not tagged. The Information that is filtered cannot be altered or customized by utilizing this technique. In order to avoid unauthorized access into network the connection will contradict service and abandon the provided

Business Intelligence Solutions for chosen organisation Essay

Business Intelligence Solutions for chosen organisation - Essay Example In 1987, there was a public issue of 720 million shares offered to 1.2 million shareholders and its shares are now listed with London, Toronto and New York stock exchanges. The public issue was a great success as BAs shares were oversubscribed more than 11times and its share price increased by 68% on the first day of trading. Today, BA is the number-one of the globe’s major premium airlines. Now, BA has flight operations to more than four hundred destinations globally. During the year 2013, BA reported a revenue of  £ 11,421 million as compared to  £ 10,827 million, which is an increase of 5.5%. Likewise, BAs profit after tax has also soared significantly in 2013 as it reported  £ 284 million as compared to  £ 114 million in the year 2012 which is an increase of 149.1%. Business Intelligence (BI) is one of the very few provinces in the IT sector to have stayed resilient even during the recent economic downturn, as business organisations like BA has employ the BI technology, mainly to minimise their costs and to optimise their flight operations. Thus, even during the phases of economic meltdown, BA has started to employ business intelligence tools to assist it to confront the economic turbulence. For instance, by using 3D visualisation, BA can recognise and remedy its inefficiencies. Further, BI helps BA to match its own data with that of external sources such as credit checks. During the current economic crisis , as a cost cut initiative , BA has reduced its spending on IT by a third in 2009 but its BI was one area, which was not touched upon and this shows the priority to BI by BA (Binning 2009). There is a compelling need on the part of BA to introduce BI technology to sort out the issues such as cut-throat competition , poor employee relations as represented by a number of flash cabin crew strikes , to address how to improve its cargo revenue as it fell by6. 5% due to prolonged weak cargo market in 2013 and is witnessing the impact due to both interest

Motives for Americas Invasion of Iraq

Motives for Americas Invasion of Iraq Introduction Many things have been said and written about Americas invasion of Iraq. To date, most of what have been said is essentially reactions leveled against the explanations adopted by the then Americas regime and her allies in justifying invasion of Iraq. Bushs regime told the international community that there was urgent need to invade Iraq in order to oust Saddam Husseins despotic leadership from power and thus pave way for the entrenchment of democracy in Iraq which is a prerequisite to international peace and security especially in this era of terrorism. Even though UN Security Councils intelligence personnel assigned the responsibility of investigating Americas claims of existence of WMDs in Iraq was not in harmony with those claims, America went ahead in engaging in one of the most expensive war since the end of Cold War. This essay seeks to establish whether sociopolitical explanations adopted by America amidst protests from the International community and the UN were underpinned by Americas interest to maintain her global economic dominance or the proclaimed political motive of liberating Iraqis from tyranny. War as a means of implementing foreign policy Generally, war is a very expensive foreign policy implementation tool which no sane nation would want to frequently use not unless its the only alternative for her survival. All states -the powerful and the weak-U.S included tries as much as possible to use peaceful diplomacy in implementing their foreign policies abroad and can only resort to coercive diplomacy (war) when its the only rational alternative for protecting its survival and interests in the International System. Analysts were therefore left unconvinced whether the need to oust bad leadership in Iraq was the main and genuine reason behind Americas invasion of Iraq or her ambition to maintain herself position as the global economic giant was more important. To be sure, there is no economic, political, or social explanation that can on its own fully and convincingly explain Americas invasion of Iraq. The economic perspective of the invasion Pursuit of economic progress and dominance abroad is one of the major goals of any nation-states foreign policies. Paul Cerni Mphil (2006) states that â€Å"†¦ what every nation and empire aspires to is to nurture their own economy where necessary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  America is no exception in the sense that her determination to maintain her global economic position stands out as one of the main determinants of her foreign policies. Indeed, her ambition to position her self as the global economic giant has been pointed out by scholars and international political analysts as the main driving force behind year 2003 invasion of Iraq. Categorically, Marxists owing to the colossal amount of money spent on this war dont cite any other motive behind the invasion of Iraq by America in alliance with Britain among others. For them any other non economic explanations adopted by America in justifying her actions was mere political hypocrisy aimed at misleading the international community from opposing invasion of Iraq. Paula Cerni Mphil (2006) once more argues that â€Å"The US invasion of Iraq, advertised as a forceful attack on global terror and tyranny, was supposed to mark the rise of a stronger and more assertive American imperialism.† Critics dont understand why if Americas proclaimed goal of ousting bad leadership in Iraq was the main agenda she didnt hesitate from invading Iraq even after UN Security Council failed to produce evidence for the existence of WMDs in Iraq. They reject Americas claims of the need to tyranny in Iraq since the UN is supposed to maintaining international security and peace by urging countries to institute legal frameworks that can prevent people with bad ideas like which are a threat to democratic existence from taking over power. Therefore, these critics argue that the need to create an enabling environment in Iraq for purposes of exploiting her rich oil mines was the fundamental interest in this invasion. Oil as a source of energy for her industries is one of the highly demanded raw material by American capitalists and imperialists who could not feel any pain in funding such an expensive foreign policy endeavor. America was thus determined to oust Saddam Hussein from power not for purposes achieving a democratic leadership in Iraq but so that they could put in place a puppet leadership which they could easily manipulate in order to satisfy their selfish economic interests. To these critics therefore, America was essentially on a mission to conquer a prestigious economic territory and wrongly assumed that the weak Iraq would accept her proclaimed goal of eradicating bad leadership from power. A short critique of the economic argument for the invasion Note that Marxists are known for their tendency to over emphasize the economic aspects of a given real life phenomenon like invasion of Iraq by America. However, an impartial analyst should look at all factors in play and try as mush as possible to put behind each factor an emphasis that is not exaggerated. That is, in as much as economic interests were primary in this invasion and are usually in any given foreign policy other interests like her national security, survival, peace, and need to propagate her ideologies can at times be more important than mere pursuit of economic wealth and dominance It is therefore legitimate to argue that in as much as much as America wanted to exploit Iraqs oil other interests such as her national security and survival in the international system played a significant role. Its for instance arguable that in this case American political elites felt that Saddam Husseins regime was a threat to her a national security and survival by virtue of the fact that it could provide an operating base for international terrorists. There was need therefore to invade Iraq in order to bring to an end bad leadership and thus usher in a new democratic leadership that would not only guarantee Iraqis their peace and human rights but also enable America safeguard her national security and survival against the threat of terrorist attacks from Iraq. Comments posted on geocities.com states that for a considerable period of time â€Å"US administration continued to consider removing Husseins regime from power and following the September 11, 2001 terrorist destruction o f the World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York, they decided that they had sufficient excuse to do so.† This argument is anchored on the premise that Iraq has been and is still a hub of dangerous terrorist and rebel groups including the dreaded Al Qaeda terror group. To some extent therefore, Americas national security and survival in the international system proclaimed by Bush regime was as important as positioning herself as a global economic giant. It is therefore unfair and even unscholarly to give the Iraq invasion an absolute economic explanation thereby under looking other factors. However, primacy of Americas economic ambitions in this invasion should be given its consideration accordingly especially due to her insatiable â€Å"thirst† for oil which is plenty in Iraq. Conclusion In conclusion, just like it was pointed out earlier there is no one particular factor (economic, social or political) that can explain Americas invasion of Iraq without facing the dangers of lacking impartiality. An impartial analyst should therefore carefully put into consideration all factors in play without over emphasizing some at the expense of others. Time and history therefore remains to prove us wrong or right with regards to our opinions pertaining this invasion. Advocates of international peace and security would for instance like to see how successful America will be in establishing peace and stability and rebuilding the collapsed Iraq nation. And also understand why several years after Saddam Hussein was hanged for his despotic leadership, bad leadership is persistent in most Asian countries and no WMDs have been recovered from Iraq. References Mphil, Paula Cerni. 2006. Imperialism in the Twenty-First Century. Theory and Science.theoryand sciecce.icaap.org (retrieved on August 20, 2009.). Iraq War www.geocities.com/ daverclark/iraq war.html (retrieved on August 20, 2009.).

Attitudes Towards Animals In N :: essays research papers fc

Attitudes Towards Animals in Neolithic and Assyrian Times Animals have been viewed differently by different cultures. This is evident when comparing the wall painting of a deer hunt from the Neolithic period (Gardner, 38) and the reliefs of Ashurbanipal hunting lions and the dying lions from the Assyrian dominated period of the ancient near east (Gardner, 56). The deer hunt scene, painted at Catal Huyuk c. 5750 BC, depicts several humans hunting two large deer and one small deer. The reliefs, sculpted at Nineveh c. 650 BC, consist of King Ashurbanipal sitting in a chariot and shooting several lions with his bow and arrow, and a close-up view of a dying lioness that has been shot three times by arrows but is still trying to move. The deer hunt scene shows that prehistoric people had more respect for animals than the Assyrian people did partly because the Neolithic people felt that magic was needed to help with their hunting. The two works also show that there was a large difference in the technology of these two cultures. In addition the Ass yrians would sometimes hunt for sport, while the Neolithic people would hunt only out of necessity for food. The deer hunt scene shows the animals as being stronger than humans, while the lion hunt scene shows the animals as being weak as compared to King Ashurbanipal. The two adult deer are much larger than any of the humans in the first scene. Humans are usually slightly taller than most deer, but here the deer are drawn about twice as tall as the humans. It also takes several humans with weapons to hunt the deer. In the lion scene, all of the lions have been killed or injured by arrows. The only person in the scene with a bow and arrows is King Ashurbanipal. It is apparent that he has shot all of the lions himself, showing his superior strength over the lions. In prehistoric times, cave paintings of hunting scenes served magical purposes: â€Å"By confining them (animals) to the surface of their cave walls, the prehistoric hunters may have believed that they were bringing the animals under their control† (Gardner, 28). Also, the humans on the left of the wall painting don’t seem to be directly involved in the hunt, as the deer are on the right side. It appears that they are doing some sort of dance, possibly a magical dance to help the hunters.

Book Review on Home by Marilynne Robinson Essay

Lost and alone, will Glory and Jack find themselves? Will they know what family truly means? Perhaps, all they simply need is one another and their father. Glory had been grief-stricken, being left by the man she trusted, leaving her with nothing but to return to the old house in Iowa, where her frail dad lives alone. There she was, feeling neglected and worthless while, along with her father, awaits the surprising return of her long lost brother, Jack. A man with a troubled past and in an uncertain state, Jack comes home looking distressed but grateful. He was different among his siblings ever since, enjoying the thrill of creating troubles but deep inside, he is a good and caring person. Unfortunately, guilt has eaten him. Remorse caused by the wrong decisions he had made towards his dear ones and the unwillingness to forgive himself. While the two are battling their own wars, their father is trying to make amends with them because he, too, is feeling like a failure as a dad, especially to Jack. He was not a perfect father but he tried to be, wanting what was best for his children. The return of Jack has turned the three lives around and also Ames and his family’s. It has opened the eyes and heart of each one, addressing to their many concerns and problems, internally and within the family. Jack and Glory had both found a confidant in each other, helping cure their personal pains little by little. The simple gestures and conversations they had had built a growing bond between brother and sister. The love and care shown to each other and their dad had compensated the past sorrows they had experienced. These have made Jack and Glory whole again, being the person they once were or hoped to be. After everything the Boughtons have gone through, all the troubles and heartaches, they were finally able to feel what happiness is through the realization that the family is the most important thing in one’s life because here, there is unconditional love and trust. Family is where they have found themselves, a place where they can truly call home. Analysis Nothing can compare to a family’s love for one another. Home is a novel about family. Robert Boughton had constant questions and worries about his children. He always seemed tired because of the sadness and guilt he feels for thinking he was a failure as a father. He has troubled children, showing that one raised in a Christian home has no certainty that he/she will lead a Christian life. It still depends on one’s own choice and apparently, Jack has not made the right ones. He has finally come home, but was almost unrecognizable and distant. He felt undeserving and surprised for being treated so well, though have caused much trouble, because he led a hard life while away. Jack is a good person, as mentioned by Ames who is evidently most irritated at him, knowing he has committed many mistakes and trying to become a better person. He struggles everyday with his dilemmas, feeling like a disgrace to the family, and wanting to be at peace but can’t seem to find it. Slowly, with his family’s help, he began to heal and change, but not wholly up until the end. Jack left, as suggested by his caring brother Teddy, for the sake of their ailing father. He did not want to cause anymore trouble and see his father suffer, but he did agree to come home if he needs help, realizing that families are forever. Both Teddy and Glory will be there. â€Å"But the soul finds its own home if it even has a home at all† Glory, like Jack, is lost, alone and bitter. She carries on life with a heavy heart, as she takes care of her ailing father and a problematic brother. Feeling hopeless, she seeks attention and fortunately, her two brothers show it to her. She understands Jack, but not completely because of his secretive character and he, too, understood her, her feelings and battles. As the story progresses, there was a growing bond between brother and sister, whether it was taking care of their father or sharing thoughts and opinions, though avoiding to bring up the pressing issues amongst them. Nevertheless, they became better individuals because of each other. The Lord truly is wonderful! The story was ordered chronologically, with the occasional recalling of the past. It started with the return of Glory and Jack until his leaving. It is equally about Glory’s and Jack’s internal conflict. The story revolves around overcoming the misfortunes each has encountered, due to appalling decisions, through the understanding and care of family. Another internal conflict was the minister, feeling like a failure as a dad. With these being the main plots, the subplots would be the relationship of Jack and Ames, together with his family, and the coming home of Teddy. The external problem was the coming home of Jack and Glory. He seemed distracted, causing worry to his sister and father and she, left unmarried, cheated, and alone. The narration of the story is character-based since the plot unfolds through the opinions and decisions made by the characters, not from having this setting to the next. No doubt that the story reflects religion, the uncertainty that everyone feels about it because there, as mentioned by Ames, is no absolute knowledge on what it really is. The stories among the characters parallel some characters and stories in the Bible such as David, Lazarus and The Prodigal Son. The plot evolved from the slight change in emotions. Glory began to feel needed and responsible in making her brother feel better and her father well, while Jack felt being part of the family. He saw and realized that his family would accept him for who he is and would try to do everything to make him feel welcome. In the outside, the plot was about the coming home and duties of both Glory and Jack, visiting of Ames and Teddy, and the parting of Jack. There were a lot of themes in the story such as guilt, loneliness, resentment and religion, but the main theme was the importance of the relationship among family members. It can help make everything much better, though slowly but surely. The theme is based from the belief of Robinson and I, definitely, agree with her. Family is the basic unit of society and is the foundation of every individual. The relationship among members should be strong in order for all of them to be stable and complete as each individual. Personal Application/Impression Home was a hard read. Though an avid reader, the book was more complicated and confusing compared to the fiction novels I normally read. The words have so much meaning and the plots were not written in a sequence, leaving me puzzled. I soon began to understand the context of the story and the meaning of those sentences that seemed too long after reading more. Marilynne Robinson writes Home in a reminiscing manner and with thorough explanations of the actions done by the characters. I have never read a novel as defined as this, enabling me to imagine the exact happenings in the story. Home has touched me, making me appreciate my family even more. I can feel the characters’ experiences when it comes to family, their effort to become closer and trying to offer help. It takes me from keeping my own problems to sharing it with my family because I now truly realize that they would accept me for who I am and help me with my troubles. The characters acted the way people actually do in real life and the settings were a possibility. Home truly is a beautiful and moving book, showing the importance of family. However; I did not enjoy the writing as much, though the storyline and intention of the author was wonderful. It was written with much effort, but a little too dragging and confusing. Maybe it was confusing because partly, I did not get to read the first book, Gilead, but the plots did jump from one to the other. Note that it is a must to read Gilead first for better understanding and appreciation of Home. The developing of the story was slow and some do enjoy that type of writing but I don’t so, it was a little dragging. It was hard to turn to the next page if the ending of a page is not as interesting. Robinson built a sturdy plot but bores some readers like me. It did not have action in every page but again, it is interesting for those who love to imagine being the character himself. A well-written novel, but no work of fiction is perfect for everybody.

Free Essays on Confessions Of An English Opium Eater

The Confessions of an English Opium Eater Thomas De Quincy was a marveled man, but does that make his confessions legitimate. I don’t think his confessions legitimize the use of opium. De Quincy’s journey starts in the city of Manchester were he was born. Much of his child hood and teenage years are faded in his writings. Its hard to relate with a man whose ideals are hard to understand. De Quincy was around in the 19th century writing his confessions so the future generations can understand the use of an illegitimate drug. De Quincy goes to great pains to explain his one year of poverty, which seems like a ten year ordeal. When he is on the streets he tells of stories of some people he had met but even then it seems a little faded to mind. De Quincy returned to college, in Oxford to further enhance his teachings. He was an extremely gifted man for he was an excellent linguist, especially in Greek and Greek history. Most everything De Quincy writes about will some way be related to Greek. College is were De Quincy was introduced to opium, a friend had given him a decanter of laudanum which he used for acute neuralgia pains. Soon after it was steadily upgraded to a dose. Though he didn’t really become addicted to opium until some years later, I feel there is a lot not being shared. De Quincy says he is a very secretive man. "You will think, perhaps, that I am too confidential and communicative of my own private history"(De Quincy, Confessions 84) This explains a lot, it is quite possible the reas on De Quincy took an absence from college was because of the illegitimate use of opium. He was an extremely smart man with a lot to offer, I cant think of any other reason why he would not stay. At one point he even gives remorse to the fact that he is leaving the college and how he will probably never see one of his professors again. In the 19th century opium was legal to buy in stores in accordance with the fact that De Quincy bou... Free Essays on Confessions Of An English Opium Eater Free Essays on Confessions Of An English Opium Eater The Confessions of an English Opium Eater Thomas De Quincy was a marveled man, but does that make his confessions legitimate. I don’t think his confessions legitimize the use of opium. De Quincy’s journey starts in the city of Manchester were he was born. Much of his child hood and teenage years are faded in his writings. Its hard to relate with a man whose ideals are hard to understand. De Quincy was around in the 19th century writing his confessions so the future generations can understand the use of an illegitimate drug. De Quincy goes to great pains to explain his one year of poverty, which seems like a ten year ordeal. When he is on the streets he tells of stories of some people he had met but even then it seems a little faded to mind. De Quincy returned to college, in Oxford to further enhance his teachings. He was an extremely gifted man for he was an excellent linguist, especially in Greek and Greek history. Most everything De Quincy writes about will some way be related to Greek. College is were De Quincy was introduced to opium, a friend had given him a decanter of laudanum which he used for acute neuralgia pains. Soon after it was steadily upgraded to a dose. Though he didn’t really become addicted to opium until some years later, I feel there is a lot not being shared. De Quincy says he is a very secretive man. "You will think, perhaps, that I am too confidential and communicative of my own private history"(De Quincy, Confessions 84) This explains a lot, it is quite possible the reas on De Quincy took an absence from college was because of the illegitimate use of opium. He was an extremely smart man with a lot to offer, I cant think of any other reason why he would not stay. At one point he even gives remorse to the fact that he is leaving the college and how he will probably never see one of his professors again. In the 19th century opium was legal to buy in stores in accordance with the fact that De Quincy bou...

Walls Origin Essays

Walls Origin Essays Walls Origin Essay Walls Origin Essay Contents Situational analysis8 Industry name:8 Company name:8 Product name:8 Mission Statement8 Making you Happy8 Walls History9 GROWTH RATE10 PRODUCT LINE10 oPackaging11 TARGET MARKET12 Current Marketing Mix12 oProduct:SS12 Flavors:12 oPrice:12 oPlace:13 oPromotions:13 Target audience13 Target Market:13 Product Review14 Product name:14 Walls Fruttare Ice Cream14 Price of Product:14 Ingredients:14 ICE CREAM MANUFACTURE15 SWOT ANALYSIS OF WALLS FRUTTARE ICE CREAM16 oSTRENGTHS16 oWEAKNESSES16 oOPPERTUNITIES16 oTHREATS17 COMPETITORS REVIEW17 OMORE17 oHico:18 POSITIONING THE PRODUCT18 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE18 Market Segmentation19 Walls Fruttare have divided market into these segments19 Demographically Segmentation20 GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION20 Behavioral Segmentation21 Benefits:Quality, taste21 Buying behavior21 CONSUMER INVOLVEMENT21 Potential target audiences and user profile22 Students:22 Kids and teenagers:22 Consumer decision Process22 Problem reorganization:22 Informative search:23 I nternal search:23 External Search:23 Evaluation of alternatives:23 oEvoked set approach24 Multi-attributes approach:24 FCB (Foote, Cone, Belding) Model25 Marketing and advertising plan26 oMarketing objective:26 Pricing strategies:26 Promotional strategies:26 Distribution strategies:26 Walls Fruttare Distribution Channel27 Target audience27 oTarget Market:27 oDemographics:27 oPsychographic:28 oPositioning strategy:28 Communication objective28 DAGMAR model:28 Integrated Marketing communication Mix29 oMarketing Mix29 Awareness29 Interest29 Desire29 Action29 Communication mix30 oMarketing Mix30 oSTRENGTHS30 oWEAKNESSES30 Source, message , Medium31 oSource31 oMessage31 oMedium31 s Estimated Budget32 We decide to Estimated our budget as follows32 oBudget for T. V Add32 oBudget for bill boards and panels32 oEstimated Cost of Billboards33 oStreamers cost: PKRS. 70. 75,512divide into 3 cities33 oPrint media: cost PKR 54,75,99934 Summary of Total Budget Allocation35 Promotional campaign guidelines35 oCreative objective35 oCreative strategy35 oElectronic Media36 oSlogan of walls Fruttare36 oAdvertisement Appeal36 Media plan of â€Å"FRUTTARE†37 oMedia objectives37 Reach Frequency of exposure desired, and Impact37 Make Media Plans for Electronic, Outdoors and Print38 Message Continuity38 oGeographic scope of our promotions38 oMedia Strategy38 Summary39 WALLS FRUTTARE ICE CREAM ? Situational analysis Industry name: Food industry Company name: Walls ice cream Product name: Walls fruttare ice cream Mission Statement â€Å"Unilever’s mission is to add vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. Making you Happy Few foods are guaranteed to put a smile on peoples faces like ice cream. But while ice cream should always be fun, weve an ever-growing range of lower fat, lower sugar products. Heart brand now provides lighter versions for those watching the calories and smaller sizes for smaller appetites, as well old favorites – theres something for everyone Some ice creams are best as an occasional indulgence, but others can b e a regular treat, and eaten sensibly, ice cream can be part of a healthy balanced diet. Heart brand is developing products that are lower in fat, sugar-free, lactose-free, as well as low-crab options and those with more nutritional goodies like calcium and fruit. For example: * Two scoops of Cornetto (a 100ml serving) have only 79 calories and 2. 4g fat. * Magnum Light (170 calories/10g fat) has 30% fewer calories and 33% less fat than Magnum Classic. Walls History Walls is the brand name of Unilevers Heart brand ice cream business, used originally in the United Kingdom and also currently (2006) in Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. Walls (Ice Cream) Ltd is the name of the company that for many years, as an independent and then as a Unilever subsidiary, made and marketed the Walls brand of ice cream in the UK. Originally an independent British meat producer, Thomas Wall and Son Ltd reputedly considered manufacturing ice cream in 1913 to fill in the seasonal downturn in sales of meat pies and sausages in the summer months, but the advent of the First World War prevented this. Walls was acquired by MacFisheries in 1920 and then (1922) by Lever Brothers Ltd (together with Margarine Union, the founder company of Unilever). Ice cream production commenced in 1922 at a factory in Acton, London. As ice cream grew in significance, Unilever split the company into two, T Wall and Son (Ice Cream) Ltd and T Wall and Son (Meats) Ltd, selling off the meat company in 1994. In 1959, Walls doubled capacity by opening a purpose built ice cream factory at Gloucester, England. Unilever continues to use the brand for ice cream in the UK Whilst remaining (2006) the market leader in the UK in impulse hand held products such as Cornetto and Magnum, and creative in-home products such as Viennetta, the Walls brand faces severe competition from the major supermarket brands and to a lesser extent from Nestle’s ice cream and ice lollies (absorbing the Rowntrees and Lyons Maid brands), and Mars, spin-off ice cream products. GROWTH RATE The ice cream industry itself is growing with a reasonable rate, but for WALL’S the growth rate is quite  encouraging. The major reason for prevailing this dream like growth rate is the radical growth seen in Cornetto in recent years. WALL’S growth rate for recent year was 12%. PRODUCT LINE Walls is a consumer product with a very long range of ice cream brands. Which are shown in the annexed table. Products| Flavors| Cornetto| Mango, Classico, Strawberry| Feast| Chocolate, Kulfa| Split| Mango, Strawberry| Solo| Mango, Kola Raspberry| Mini milk| Samar, Kulfa| Paddlepop| Banana, Rainbow, Chocolate-Fudge| Fruiti| -| Topten| -| Star Cup| Vanilla, Mango Slash, Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry| Family Pack (1 liter)| Mango, Chocolate| Walls has introduce a lot of brands with different flavors, the customers has so many options to select the brand according to their taste. This creates a good image in the mind of the customer which resulting the customer loyalty about the Product. * Packaging :  Multiple packaging ?Small packs:   Sticks   Cones   Cups Take home packs:   ? liter packs   1 liter packs   Tubs Bulk packs: * 10 liter packs TARGET MARKET It is the process of evaluating each market segments attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. Some time companies are able to target every segment, because they are financially strong and they can arrange a vast product line. Walls have been introduce different verities with different pricing of which some of are has high price that can only attract high income group and walls has also different brands with low price which can be easily purchase by low income groups. Walls is easily available in urban and rural areas all over the country. Walls has been targeted every segment and we can say that walls has a Fragmented market. Current Marketing Mix * Product: WALLS FRUTTARE Flavors: MANGO, STRAWBERRY, GRAPES * Price: PKR 30 * Place: Everywhere in Pakistan. * Promotions: * Sales promotion: free sampling * Advertising: TVC, Billboards, Print media Target audience Primary target audience: Target Market: * Generation X (8_15) :STICK LOLLY * Generation Y (1824 yrs): STICK LOLLY * Student,Professional Secondary target market: * Children and teenagers Product Review Product name: Walls Fruttare Ice Cream It is just a lolly. which has 70% or maybe 75% fruit in it which means more flavour and less sugar. I like an ad of Fruttare but , myself and my entire family are huge fans. Available in three flavours; mango, strawberry and grapes,. The advertising, also, has been spot on. The roads are covered with Fruttare with lollies appearing on the ground, on billboards or pole banners and on TV. Hubby dear and myself came across a BTL activity at the Forum mall today which was both fun and rewarding. While I lost the game, hubby dear won the jackpot and was the proud owner of two Fruttare! Even though we hated Walls Badami (a kulfi icecream which you should never try), Fruttare has won us completely. Ice cream is a very feel good product. , you transports you to the past, to your childhood, a carefree and happy time. So go out there and make the child inside you happy with not one, not two but three amazing  lollies! Price of Product: The price of walls fruttare is rs. 30. Ingredients: Ice confection containing pulp, sugar, natural colour, stabilizers, citric acid, and natural flavour ICE CREAM MANUFACTURE The basic steps in the manufacturing of ice cream are generally as follows: * Blending of the mix ingredients * Pasteurization * Homogenization * Aging the mix * Freezing * Packaging * Hardening SWOT ANALYSIS OF WALLS FRUTTARE ICE CREAM SWOT analysis a method that help to identify the product or company Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threads. SWOT ANALYSIS * STRENGTHS * Innovation. * Strong brand name. * Certified under the health certification. * An attractive packaging. * Exists from a long time ago. * Low competition * Captures a lot of market with other products under this brand name. WEAKNESSES * No past experience in this product. * High investment required. * OPPERTUNITIES * Further innovation in the product. * Gap in Mkt. for diet ice cream, which Walls can cover because they are more, establish than others. * Walls proves itself to be quality oriented product and maintain good taste and standard, than it would be able to create a strong position in all (Pakistan) for a long period of time. * THREATS * Hico and Gourmet AND Omore is also new comer, but rapidly increase in their Market share is a big threat for Walls. * Any new entrants. Competitors have more loyal customers COMPETITORS REVIEW * Omore * Hico * Gourmet * OMORE OMORE Ice Cream  is a famous  ice cream  brand in Pakistan. It is manufactured by Engro Foods Limited. As a brief introduction, Engro Foods Limited is a multipurpose manufacturing company. It was established in 2004 and is mainly involved in the manufacturing and marketing of various industrial and consumer products including dairy products, fruit juices, ice cream, industry, chemicals and rice/agriculture produce. Omore is manufactured by Engro Foods Limited which is a subsidiary of Engro Corporation Limited. Engro Corporations portfolio consists of seven businesses which include chemical fertilizers, PVC resin, a bulk liquid chemical terminal, industrial automation, foods, power generation and commodity trade. The brand OMORE has been well established since 2009. OMORE has a fully automatic ice cream manufacturing facility, and has a production capacity capable of producing more than 4. 5 million liters of dairy ice cream a year. It is marketed in major cities of  Punjab. OMORE Ice Cream has initially introduced to limited cities across Pakistan such as Karachi, Islamabad, Multan, Lahore, Sahiwal. Today, the OMORE brand is considered to be the favorite in its hometown  Lahore. OMORE Ice Cream produces a variety of flavors, including chocolate, vanilla, mango, strawberry, orange, kulfi, caramel as well as many more. OMORE Ice Cream is one of the few brands in Pakistan to manufacture pure dairy ice cream. After almost 2 years of its launch, Karachi has finally tasted omore. Shop fascias, round shaped small boards, mobile ice-cream trolleys are very much apparent around the city. * Hico: Hico is one of the oldest selling brands in Pakistan, dealing in pure dairy ice creams. Popular flavors are praline, mango, mixed fruit ice cream, and kulfa. Hico is considered as are actual competitor as they are dealing in the same product line which is dairy ice cream but still e has a competitive edge that we’ll be producing fresh fruits Ice cream with fruit chunks. POSITIONING THE PRODUCT After realizing the need, potential in market and rapidly increasing growth and market share of the product. The company launches a WALL FRUTTARE ice cream and expands its product line. Company tries to position it as an economical, qualities, and variety of features. Which can be easily sell at any times anywhere in the country. Company existing position in the market also helps to position it successfully in Pakistan economy. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE * it is innovative product of walls . * it is available in different flaour. * Low fat with less surgar. * Fruits used in 70%and 75% * Best quality and pure taste avail uin markets. * Minimum prices with loyal customers. * Attractive packageing * It good brand image. * Durability long time. and remain good taste. And quality. Market Segmentation A market segment consists of a large identifiable group with a market. Buyers are differ in their wants, purchasing powers, geographical location, buying attitude and buying habits Walls FRUTTARE have segmented market according to consumer characteristics and consumer response. Walls Fruttare take advantage for both these strategies. In identical consumer characteristics those whose geographical, demographic and psyhographic characteristics are common and from an other those customer who give much attention to benefits, occasions and brand. Walls Fruttare have divided market into these segments 1. Demographic segmentation. 2. Geographically segmentation. 3. Psychographic segmentation. 4. Behavior to word Product. The walls Fruttare segmented the entire market into such segments, which are differentiable through: Demographically Segmentation Age: Teenage, 20to40 years. Family Size: 4 to 5 members. Gender: Both male and female. Income: RS 15,000 to RS 35,000. Occupation: Professional, Technical and Students, businessman Social Class: Middle Class. Walls Fruttare introduce the brands for the younger as well FRUTTARE as the childrens. Walls FRUTTARE targeted both high as well as low-income gourds. In simple word we can say that walls introduce of all income and all age groups. GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION Region South Asian Region Pakistan, . Density Urban, rulers Climate Both Northern Southern region of Pakistan. This is segmenting the market on basis of location the factors contributes in it is mainly, the number of population of that area and the living standard of that particular location. The walls has been targeted both urban as well as rural areas. Behavioral Segmentation Occasions:For regular occasion. Benefits:Quality, taste Buying behavior Buying Behavior is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products. CONSUMER INVOLVEMENT Involving customers in product consumption and making marketing strategy can result in more chance of success and improvement of product, while at the same time strengthening relationships and creating mutual benefits. all the 4 P’s and other stimuli like social and economical are well consider to get response as a product and brand choice and to compel consumer to purchase our product This will lead us to follow these steps. Asking customers before launching our product * Setting up a user Group * Asking customers to evaluate new products * Issuing new product announcements * Understanding our customers * Assess the value of our Product * Analyze customer’s reaction Potential target audiences and user profile Students: In young age, mostly students and children are like the different flavor of ice cream. specia lly,in summer season every one like the ice cream. and every one easily purchase the ice cream. WALLS FRUTTARE is anew launch of walls company. mostlly students prefers the taste and quality product of walls. Kids and teenagers: All age groups prefer ice cream quality and taste. Due to the WALLS FRUTTARE quality and taste and with natural flavors kids and teenagers Prefers more our products. It is not just a lolly. Which has 70% or maybe 75% fruit in it which means more flavour and less sugar. familes and kids are huge fans of WALLS FRUTTARE ice cream. Consumer decision Process * Problem Reorganization * Information search * Evaluation of Alternatives * Purchase Decision * Post purchase evaluation Problem reorganization: The first step starts of consumers buying decision process. Which occurs when the consumer search out a need or want. How consumer notices a need or wants for a product which makes him/her? When consumer want to get some things different , then a need gets created to overcome its thrist and fulfill his desire.. Informative search: Every potential Consumer accumulate a search or gets information that might satisfy or meet the need and wants.. every consumer which starts with respect of specific product. he conducts an internal search. This includes memories of past experiences as well as the examination of other brands. Internal search: If a brand has obtained a high level of brand equity,the brand is creating agood image in the consumer min and Internal research creates a good image to purchase. Internally the consumer perceives different product by their loyalty or affiliation. External Search: The consumer mostly spend time in market search. they are three factor Ability, motivation, cost and benefits. WALLS FRUTTARE is introduced by WALLS which is well known brand of UNILEVER in all over the world. It creates a good image of WALLS FRUTTARE. FRUTTARE is advertising very well which create the awareness in consumer mind. Evaluation of alternatives: Three models can be utilized to portray the nature of the evaluation process. * The evoked set approach. * The multiattribute approach. * Affect referral. * Evoked set approach * Inept set: The inept set consist of the brands that are part of person create a good image that are not considered because they elicit it negative feeling. WALLS FRUTTARE is newly launched and creating a positive image. * Inert set: The inert set holds the brand that the consumer is aware of but the individual has neither negative nor positive feeling about the product. The lack of knowledge of the product usually eliminates it. WALLS FRUTTARE is becoming a loveable product among its target audience. * Multi-attributes approach: Another model of methods consumers use to evaluate purchasing alternatives is the multi-attributable approach. It is very useful method to create awareness about the product. FCB (Foote, Cone, Belding) Model High involvement and Feeling Quardant(Affective) -FeelLearnDo Walls Fruttare lies in the second quadrant of FCB model due to effectiveness of its quality and taste. This product decision has high involvement but requires less specific information. Therefore an attitude or feeling towards the product buying decision process is more important. Marketing and advertising plan * Marketing objective: 1)To achieve maximum market share 2), increase sale 3) create awareness among people. 4)Customer satisfaction. 5) Continue product modification and improvement effort to increase customer benefit and reduce cost * Pricing strategies: The prices strategy of â€Å"WALLS FRUTTARE†:ICE LOLLY available in makets at PKR :30, , which is most suitable for the middle and elite class, this pricing strategy, is very prominent against Other ice cream competitors in Pakistan, WALLS FRUTTARE offer different flavours in markets. * Promotional strategies: WALLS FRUTTARE promotional activities includes print media promotion, electronic media promotion, outdoor media activities which includes billboards, communication mix includes, direct marketing, personal relation, advertising, internet marketing. * Distribution strategies: We are offering WALLS FRUTTARE is easily available through different distridubution channels. Walls Fruttare Distribution Channel Producer warehouse Retailer consumer Walls select this channel because its target market is urban as well as rural area and it is not possible for the Walls to place its product to all the segments directly or with short channel. Target audience Primary target audience: * Target Market: * Generation X (8_15) :STICK LOLLY * Generation Y (1824 yrs): STICK LOLLY * Student,Professional Secondary target market: * Children and teenagers Demographics: Gender: Male and female Age: generationX generation Y Income: RS 30000 (monthly income) * Psychographic: Buying behavior: it is an important step before buying the produet. People of Pakistan try different products which differ from other products. Awareness and trail is the key factor and first step which helps buy people according to necessity. Decision making: We live in male dominant society where males are ont o making decisions and spend according to their earnings. WALLS FRUTTARE starting price is 30 rupees so making decision is not a big deal for a common person. * Positioning strategy: The plan suggested would project as a high quality brand. Considering OMORE ICE CREAM consumer leaving the market and the consumers are running out of alternatives, now would be the best time for WALLS FRUTTARE to take advantage of the market. Consumer Behavior analysis and purchase patterns suggest that the perception of the brand is important. The plan would try to improve that. Communication objective DAGMAR model: Defining advertising goals for measured results is the full form of DAGMAR. The DAGMAR model was built around four stages of communication results, Awareness, interest, desire, Action. Walls fruttare communication strategy fulfill AIDA requirement and thus it lies in AIDA also lies in FCB model. Integrated Marketing communication Mix * Marketing Mix Product: Walls Fruttare Three flavors: Strawberry, Mango, Grapes Price: Fruttare ice Lolly Rs:30 WALL’S is creating awareness about its new products such as Walls Fruttare for this purpose it is using huge signboards on the major square of the cities and more importantly both the print and electronic media for advertisement and for that it is following AIDA model. Awareness The WALL’S uses print and electronic media plus the sign boards initially just to create awareness and knowledge about its new product as these days it is giving A lot of adds of both of its newly launched products FRUTTARE. * Interest As the public gets awareness of the produces of WALL’S the next step is to create interest among the target buyers about the product which is again done through advertisement. * Desire The WALLâ₠¬â„¢S create curiosity among the customers and transform that curiosity into the desire of the product. * Action Finally to make the customer purchase the product this is the final thing to be done in model. Communication mix * Marketing Mix Product: WALLS FRUTTARE flavors: MANGO,STRAWBERRY,GRAPES Price: PKR 30 Place: Everywhere in Pakistan. Promotions: Sales promotion: free sampling Advertising: TVC, Billboards, Print media * STRENGTHS * Innovation. * Strong brand name. * Certified under the health certification. * An attractive packaging * Low competition * Captures a lot of market with other products under this brand name. * WEAKNESSES * No past experience in this product. Less awareness Source, message , Medium * Source Twenty percent of the giant company uses CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT. The source of advertisement will be just a TYPICAL PERSON. WALLS FRUTTARE strategy is to pull common people through PUSH typical people. * Message . It is just a lolly. which has 70% or maybe 75% fruit in it which means more flavour and less sugar. I like an ad of Fruttare but , myself and my entire family are h uge fans. Available in three flavours; mango, strawberry and grapes,. * Medium Walls fruttare is using electronic, print media as a source of medium. Majorly walls fruttare is using Electronic media so as for the rapid awareness of the product as it is highly effective source of medium. Initially apart from ads shown on the major TV channels, Sting is using free sampling campaigns as the most suitable and effective source. The messages conveyed by different communication vehicle: * TVC: It creates unlimited energy and makes the impossible, Possible. * Billboard: Product will be focused and the supernatural things occurring will be highlighted. * Print media: The message in billboard will be displayed in print media as well. s Estimated Budget PKR19, 200,000 for T. V adds. (19. 20 million) PKR 20,53,3000 bill boards and posters. PKR 54,75,999 for print Advertisement: magazines, newspapers and broachers. Total Budget:45,20,8999 We decide to Estimated our budget as follows * Budget for T. V Add For T. V add PKR 2,000 per second for prime time at slot available air time, for 30-40 sec: one T. V add costs PKR 80000 for once and for 4 T. V channels 80000x 4=320000 once on 4 channels. We decided to make our T. V add on-air 2 times in a day on 4 channels which costs: 320000 x 2 = PKR 640000 per day cost of 4 channels airtime. For 30 days campaign 64000030: 19,200,000 PKR for 30 days. * Budget for bill boards and panels PKR 20,53,3000for Spectacular/bill boards (60 x 20, 1200 sq feet): 18Targeted Regions: Lahore A: D. H. A, Airport, Fortress stadium, jail road. Lahore B: Thokar Niaz Baig (Near Uni. Of Lahore), johar town (Shukat Khanum), model town (Link road), Iqbal town (Wahdat road). Lahore C: Chuburji (Round about) , Karachi A: Saddar road, Clifton. Karachi B: Gulshan, Defence Road, Airport road. Islamabad: Blue area, Air port road, Muree road, Parliament house road. Total 18 Sites in 3 cities: Estimated Cost of Billboards Contents| Budget(PKRS)| Skin printing cost (21,5 0018 sites)| 38,7000| Vendor charges (23,200018)| 41,76,000| Taxes 16%, GST 1% (10,88018)| 195,840| Total cost| 47,58,840| * Streamers cost: PKRS. 70. 75,512divide into 3 cities Regions: Lahore A, Lahore B, Lahore C: 23,58,504(main boulevard, canal road, motorway interchange, mall road) Karachi A and Karachi B: 23,58,504(Gulastan. e. j ohar, gulshan, defense road, airport road, Clifton) Islamabad: 23,58,504(Islamabad interchange, Supreme Court road, aabpara road, muree road) Summary of streamers cost: Regions| Budget| Lahore (A)| 23,58,504| Lahore (B)| | Lahore (C)| | Karachi (A)| 23,58,504| Karachi (B)| | Islamabad Total| 23,585,04 70,75,512| * Print media: cost PKR 54,75,999 Magazines, newspapers and broachers are tools used in print media, we split cost into 3 classifications: Summary of Print media: ITEM| Budgets| Magazines| 18,25,333| Broachers| 18,25,333| Newspapers| 18,25,333| Total| 54,75,999| For print media we cover these news papers and magazines: The news, Dawn, Jang and nawa-e-waqt, Akhbar-e-Jahan. Summary of Total Budget Allocation Contents| Budget(PKRS)| Television add| 19,200,000| Spectaculars/billboards/posters| 20,53,3000| Print media| 5475999| Total Cost 45208999 (45. 20)million| | | | Promotional campaign guidelines * Creative objective The strategy adopted by walls for their new product fruttare is to create awareness about fruttare with particular brand image. So as to emplace the fruttare in customer’s mind. They are strongly focusing on advertisements. To create a new trend of using a new ice lolly in less price. And also provide the quality information about the walls fruttare ice cream and also increase the customer traffic through advertising. * Creative strategy The task which has been assigned to us is exclusively for the new product which is newly launched. So fruttare is a new born product which is for kids and teen agers. The working includes TVC, and print media. * Electronic Media In TVC ad we are giving a theme which is deliberately try to show the fresh fruits that are the one of the ingredients of fruttare coming out from fresh fruits. And it contains the taste of fresh fruits of summer and it contains 70 % real taste of fresh fruits. It is free from artificial flavors of fruits because our target market is kids and teen- agers. it is launched in three flavors mango, strawberry and grapes. Because these are the favorite fruits of children in summer and they feels fresh and fulfill their needs and wants and make the happy and enjoy. The features and benefits of eating fruttare are unlimited and the consumer would fantasize its uses. * A consumer gains 60 % kcal/ product. Free from sodium , fats, and cholesterols. * Slogan of walls Fruttare The Slogan of walls fruttare is †. MAKING YOU HAPPY† Objective: To achieve the market share and customer satisfaction through awareness. Method: Through Tvc and billboards, newspaper and magazines create awareness and remind the brand image in the minds of customers. * Advertisement Appeal The execution style adopted by fruttare is EMOTIONAL at the beginning and RATION AL at the end. The ad includes the Pricing, brand image, availability. Media plan of â€Å"FRUTTARE† * Media objectives Our brand â€Å"fruttare† offers quality and taste to consumers, but to attract more customers through advertisement plan, and focus on our main brand image. we interact with the ad agency to develop art works on our creative brief. Our campaign is for 30 days all over the Pakistan in which we cover electronic media, Outdoor activities and Print media are included. Creative brief and SCRIPT of T. V Add: In TVC ad we are giving a theme which is deliberately try to show the fresh fruits that are the one of the ingredients of fruttare coming out from fresh fruits. And it contains the taste of fresh fruits of summer and it contains 70 % real taste of fresh fruits. It is free from artificial flavors of fruits because our target market is kids and teen- agers. it is launched in three flavors mango, strawberry and grapes. Because these are the favorite fruits of children in summer and they feels fresh and fulfill their needs and wants and make the happy and enjoy. The features and benefits of eating fruttare are unlimited and the consumer would fantasize its uses. * A consumer gains 60 % kcal/ product. * Free from sodium, fats, and cholesterols. Reach Frequency of exposure desired, and Impact We plan to distribute our product at out door locations where the reach and frequency will be easy and in reach of every people which makes people to buy our product. Make Media Plans for Electronic, Outdoors and Print We will lunched this advertising campaign for 30 days: billboards and posters on DHA area Lahore, we prefer the billboard on Allama Iqbal Airport road, on the bridge to Allama Iqbal Airport, farozpur road, main boulevard road, cover under passes with bridge panels (Doctor hospital, campus bridge, Dharmpura underpasses),. nd outside college and universities and restaurants and general stores. For print media we cover these news papers and magazines. For Electronic media we pay for air time ad from Geo T. V , PTV,EXPRESS HUM TV, Other local cable channels in Lahore. Gross Rating Points(GRP): The formula being used by GRP is CPM = (Cost of Media/Total Audience) x1000 Message Continuity We will use continuity of message thro ugh advertisement compaign so that people ca n reminds our product again. * Geographic scope of our promotions Through TVC ad very cover all regions of Pakistan so that people can prefer our product on others. * Media Strategy It has been discussed previously in phase 1. Summary It is just a lolly. which has 70% or maybe 75% fruit in it which means more flavour and less sugar. I like an ad of Fruttare but , myself and my entire family are huge fans. Available in three flavours; mango, strawberry and grapes,. The advertising, also, has been spot on. The roads are covered with Fruttare with lollies appearing on the ground, on billboards or pole banners and on TV. Hubby dear and myself came across a BTL activity at the Forum mall today which was both fun and rewarding. While I lost the game, hubby dear won the jackpot and was the proud owner of two Fruttare! Even though we hated Walls Badami (a kulfi icecream which you should never try), Fruttare has won us completely. Ice cream is a very feel good product. , We have chosen newly launched product of walls company â€Å"WALLS FRUTTARE â€Å"for advertising and promotional campaign. After seeing competitive analysis we will design logo and slogan of our product. Our vision and mission shows the information and objectives of our product. The whole idea revolves around the advertising campaign of the brand. . We further categorize Lahore into A, B, C, and Karachi into A and B and Islamabad. According to this we divided budget into different sections according to their importance. The T. V add is the main medium for our Campaign which will on air on 4 different T. V channels which increases the reach and frequency among people, this campaign will run for 30 days. Other mediums like billboards, hoardings allow people to watch add while driving, walking on the road, print media with different magazines; news papers and broachers increase the promotional activity regarding our brand. The budget of forty five million very adequate to use on those mediums, our brand of â€Å"WALLS FRUTTARE† made for getting attraction of people, we make our art work just according to the product, when people see our advertisement, they feel of happiness thirst and cool will increase and result in people willing to get â€Å"WALLS FRUTTARE†

What is a purpose of a college education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is a purpose of a college education - Essay Example However, even the best college institutions are not providing these skills. The main purpose of the higher education institutions, colleges in particular, should be to provide the students with a wide range of skills that would help them in functioning appropriately in the workplace such as broadmindedness and problem solving skills that may not be accomplished if the institutions are underequipped. This claim is correct because the modern world has intense competition that requires an individual to be equipped with a wide range of skills since some job positions are highly competitive. Therefore, if one position is not available, an individual can utilize other skills and work in a different position. The article, â€Å"College at Risk† by Andrew Delbanco maintains that although the original purpose of colleges had the interests of the students in mind, it has changed. In fact, in a broader sense, a college institution is a place where the students encounter ideas both from fellow peers and from instructors that help them in becoming creative. In addition, the concept of broad-mindedness was meant to be emphasized through college education. This was meant to help the individuals in dealing with hardships that they may encounter in the workplace. Personally, I agree with these claims. The higher education sector has become a commodity that is only available to the wealthy few; therefore, secluding the unfortunate ones and diverging from the original purpose, which was not economic-oriented. I have also seen many colleges charge very high tuition fees, which was not the case in the past. For instance, my own college has been charging higher fees as compared to previous years. This implies that only the wealthy can afford higher education. This is affecting the availability of opportunities and acquisition of skills especially in the American society, thus affecting the original purpose of colleges. The colleges have concentrated on profit

Native Americans and criminal justice Assignment

Native Americans and criminal justice - Assignment Example They play an intricate role in nation building. This is through some of the cultural beliefs that they hold dear to them, to this day. Some may think they are uncivilised, savage, and unruly, but Native Americans bring a certain cultural difference to the lands (Nielsen & Robyn, 2009). In regards to the criminal justice system, their system and set of beliefs are quite different. What they might believe to be wrong in their eyes might hold a different opinion in a court of law, in present time. The underrepresentation of Native Americans in many areas of the American society shows of the struggle they have to go through in modern times. They are a marginalized community, and their needs are not often addressed by the few representatives they have. Although colonization tried to bring in different ideologies, Native Americans still hold onto their beliefs (Nielsen & Robyn, 2009). They are now engaged in a war to prevent the erosion of their culture, by struggling to survive as a distinct, cultural community. In conclusion, to better understand what the Native American community goes through, it is best to understand them from before pre-colonization, to present time. This can give one an understanding as to how they relate to others as a people. One can also find the different ideologies they hold toward the criminal system (Nielsen & Robyn, 2009). Through the struggles they face, it is frighteningly normal to see why they are a marginalized group of people, and how they are trying to overcome these